🟪 1-Minute Summary

Overfitting occurs when a model learns the training data too well, including noise and outliers, performing poorly on new data. Signs: high training accuracy, low validation/test accuracy. Causes: model too complex, too little data, training too long. Solutions: regularization, more data, simpler model, cross-validation, early stopping, dropout (neural nets).


🟦 Core Notes (Must-Know)

What is Overfitting?

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How to Detect Overfitting

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Causes of Overfitting

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Solutions

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  1. Regularization (L1/L2)
  2. More training data
  3. Simpler model
  4. Cross-validation
  5. Early stopping
  6. Dropout (neural networks)
  7. Pruning (decision trees)

🟨 Interview Triggers (What Interviewers Actually Test)

Common Interview Questions

  1. “What is overfitting?”

    • [Answer: Model memorizes training data, poor generalization]
  2. “How do you detect overfitting?”

    • [Answer: Large gap between train and validation performance]
  3. “What’s worse: overfitting or underfitting?”

    • [Answer: Depends - both are bad, overfitting more common in practice]
  4. “How do you fix overfitting?”

    • [Answer: List solutions above]

🟥 Common Mistakes (Traps to Avoid)

Mistake 1: Only looking at training accuracy

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Mistake 2: Making model more complex to fix overfitting

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🟩 Mini Example (Quick Application)

Scenario

[Polynomial regression overfitting example]

Solution

# Example showing overfitting vs good fit
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